Land Survey terms "H" and Mapping terms A complete glossary A to Z

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LAND SURVEY TERMS

GLOSSARY OF U.S. BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT SURVEYING AND MAPPING TERMS H

Land Survey Terms, A convenient source for our clients and website visitors

H

h. – hoch = high

H. – Hohe = height; Howitzer

ha. – Hectare; Hektar

HA – Hydrologic Investigations Atlas or Hydrologic Atlas (USGS)

HABS – Historic American Buildings Survey

HAC – Harbor and Approach Chart

HALS – Hawaii Assn. of Land Surveyors

HANDGPS – High Accuracy Nationwide Differential GPS

HARN – High-Accuracy Reference Network (U.S.)

HAZUS – Hazards U.S.

HB – Handbook. If in a citation, it means “House Bill.”

HDQ S (Land Status Records) – Headquarters Site.

HDS (Land Status Records) – Homestead declaratory statement.

HE (Land Status Records) – Homestead entry.

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HES (Land Status Records) – Homestead entry survey.

HI – Height of instrument. See HI*.

HI – Hawaii.

HI (Land Status Records) – Historical Index. Se HI*.

HACHURES – A series of lines used on a map to indicate the general direction and steepness of slopes. The lines
are short, heavy, and close together for steep slopes; longer, lighter, and more widely spaced for gentle slopes.
HALATION – Reflection during exposure from a film base from a bright area to an adjacent area of the emulsion
giving the appearance of a halo upon development.
HANGING VALLEY – The valley of a tributary which enters a main river valley from a considerable height above
the bed of the latter, and so forms rapids or waterfalls down the slope.
HARBOR – A stretch of water on the coast which affords shelter to seagoing vessels; it may have been formed
naturally, or artificially, or by artificial improvement of a natural feature.
HAZE – Interference with visibility or photographic resolution caused by particles in the atmosphere scattering or
reflecting light.

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HEAD – A comparatively high promontory with either a cliff or steep face. It extends into a large body of water,
such as a sea or lake. An unnamed head is usually called a headland.
HEADLAND – A steep crag or cliff jutting out into the sea.
HEAVY PLOTTER – An obsolescent term indicating a precise photogrammetric instrument such as the Stereoplanigraph or Wild A7.
HEIGHT DISPLACEMENT – Displacement of images radially inward or outward with respect to the photograph
nadir, according as the ground objects are, respectfully, below or above the elevation of the ground nadir.
HEIGHT OF INSTRUMENT (HI) – 1) The height of the center of the telescope (horizontal axis) above the
ground or station mark. 2) The height of the line of sight of the leveling instrument above the adopted datum.
HERTZ (Hz) – Unit of frequency, cycles per second, in the International System.
HIATUS – A gap in aerial photo coverage. See GAP and HIATUS*.
HIDDEN GROUND – An area which cannot be observed in a photograph because of interference from topographic features.
HIGHLIGHTS – 1) Those portions of a subject from which the greatest amounts of light are reflected. 2) The densest parts of a negative and the lightest parts of a print or transparency.
HIGH-OBLIQUE PHOTOGRAPH – A photograph taken with the camera axis intentionally tilted so as to include the apparent horizon.
HIGH WATER – The maximum elevation reached by rising water. See HIGH WATER MARK*.
HIGHWAY – An undivided road, usually paved, having a built-up driving surface with shoulders. See JEEP TRAIL
and ROAD.
HIGHWAY CURVES – Templates for drawing circular curves from their tangents.
HILL – A small portion of the earth’s surface elevated above the surroundings, of lower altitude than a Mountain. In
general, an eminence is not considered a mountain unless its elevation, from foot to summit, is well over 1,000 ft.
HINTERLAND – 1) That zone containing the beach flanks and the area inland from the coast line to a distance of five miles. 2) The region lying behind the coast district. HISTORIC COAST LINE*.
an image of a white circular Compass with Back Azimuth
HOLOGRAPHY – The process of recording and reproducing an image using two emulsion coated surfaces and a laser beam which scans the object. No lens is used. The viewer “sees” the object in three dimensions and the “object” can be turned to view it from different angles.
HOOK – A Spit which is curved at one end; the curvature may be caused by the action of the waves in rolling material to the sheltered side of the spit.
HORIZON – A plane normal to the plumbline at the observers station. See APPARENT HORIZON and ARTIFICIAL HORIZON.

HORIZON CAMERA – A camera used in conjunction with an aerial surveying camera in vertical photography to photograph the horizon simultaneously with the vertical photographs. The horizon photographs indicate the tilts of the vertical photographs.
HORIZON CLOSURE – The amount by which the sum of a series of adjacent measured horizontal angles around a point fails to equal exactly 360°, the theoretical sum. See CLOSING THE HORIZON.
HORIZONTAL – A plane perpendicular to the plumbline at the point of consideration or origin.

HORIZONTAL CONTROL – Survey information which provides position information used for locating
subordinate surveys or mapping.
HORIZONTAL GEODETIC DATUM – An ellipsoid of reference, defined by two dimensions or constants, an
initial point on the reference ellipsoid (defined by latitude and longitude) and an azimuth from the initial point to another point. See NORTH AMERICAN DATUM OF 1927.
HORIZONTAL PARALLAX – See ABSOLUTE STEREOSCOPIC PARALLAX.
HORIZONTAL REFRACTION – The lateral effect of terrestrial refraction on an observed direction
HOVERSIGHT – A basic component of an Airborne Surveys System developed by the U.S. Geologic Survey. It consists of a silicone-damped pendulum with a self-contained light source for projecting a beam of collimated light through a semitransparent mirror. The helicopter pilot can see the light source image superimposed upon the image of the ground below.
HYDRODIST – A brand of electronic distance measurement device.
HYDROGRAPHIC CHART – A chart showing water features such as; depth, channels, islands, and other aids to
navigation.

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HYDROGRAPHY – Topography along shore lines, depths of water and submerged features of bodies of water.
Also the science or study of bodies of water and related phenomena.
HYPERFOCAL DISTANCE – If an object at a great distance (infinity) be sharply focused, it is found that, without
altering the position of the lens, a comparatively near object is still “in focus;” that is, it is rendered without
perceptible unsharpness. The distance to this near point is the hyperfocal distance.
HYPERPANCHROMATIC – Films and plates which have a high red sensitivity.
HYPERSENSITIZING – Applied to various methods of increasing the sensitivity of an emulsion; for example,
fuming of bathing with ammonia, fuming with mercury, etc.
HYPO – Slang term for sodium hyposulphite, a common fixing agent in photo developing and printing.
HYPSOGRAPHY – See TOPOGRAPHY.

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GLOSSARY OF U.S. BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT SURVEYING AND MAPPING TERMS H

Land Survey Terms, A convenient source for our clients and website visitors

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